Left Staring at Loss of Last State

May 5, 2026

India’s Left parties, once a powerful force in national and regional politics, are now out of power across all states for the first time in more than 50 decades. To understand the magnitude of this moment, it helps to revisit the past. In 1996, veteran CPI-M leader Jyoti Basu, who had already served as Chief Minister of West Bengal for two decades, came close to becoming Prime Minister as part of the United Front coalition. Although Basu was willing to accept the role, his party’s Politburo declined the proposal, a decision he later famously termed a “historic blunder”.

By 2008, the Left still held significant sway at the national level. The Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government, headed by Manmohan Singh, depended on Left support in Parliament. However, the alliance fractured when Left parties withdrew backing over the Indo-US nuclear agreement, forcing the government to prove its majority in a crucial trust vote. At the time, Left parties governed three states — West Bengal, Kerala, and Tripura — and had a sizable presence in the Lok Sabha.

Fast forward to the present, and the political landscape has shifted dramatically. With voter preferences increasingly leaning toward right-of-centre parties, the influence of Communist parties has steadily diminished. Current trends in Kerala suggest that the Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Pinarayi Vijayan, may lose power. If confirmed, this would mark the first instance since around 1970 that no Left party holds office in any Indian state.

The history of Left politics in India, however, is both rich and significant. In the country’s first general elections in 1951–52, the Communist Party of India emerged as the largest opposition group in Parliament. Just a few years later, in 1957, Kerala witnessed a landmark event when a Communist government was democratically elected, the first such occurrence anywhere in the world.
The late 1970s marked another high point. In 1977, the CPI-M established its dominance in West Bengal, initiating what would become the longest uninterrupted tenure by any political party in an Indian state.