New Delhi: India on Friday firmly rejected Chinese infrastructure development in the Shaksgam Valley in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) under the so-called China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement of 1963, reiterating that it reserves the right to take all necessary measures to protect its interests in the region.

India Never Accepted 1963 China-Pakistan Agreement: MEA

Addressing a regular media briefing in New Delhi, Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal underlined that India has never recognised the so-called China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement of 1963, through which Pakistan unlawfully attempted to cede Indian territory to China.

“Regarding Chinese infrastructure buildup via CPEC as also in the Shaksgam Valley, which is Indian territory, we have never recognised the so-called China-Pakistan boundary agreement of 1963. We have consistently maintained that the agreement is illegal and invalid. We do not recognise the so-called China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) either, which passes through Indian territory that is under forcible and illegal occupation of Pakistan,” Jaiswal said.

Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh Integral Parts of India

Jaiswal stressed that the entire Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh are an integral and inalienable part of India, a position that has been conveyed repeatedly to both Pakistani and Chinese authorities.

“We have consistently protested with the Chinese side against attempts to alter the ground reality in the Shaksgam Valley. We further reserve the right to take necessary measures to safeguard our interests,” he added.

Jaishankar Reframes ‘Two-Front Threat’ Narrative

Providing broader geopolitical context, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar had in July 2025 sought to reframe the narrative around the so-called “two-front threat” from China and Pakistan. He argued that the alignment between Islamabad and Beijing is not a recent development but a structural reality shaped over more than six decades.

The minister’s remarks were aimed at countering parliamentary criticism while outlining a historical timeline of strategic convergence between India’s two principal adversaries.

Six-Decade Collaboration Between China and Pakistan

“The person who said (two front threat) it, must have missed the history lesson from school,” Jaishankar remarked, tracing the evolution of China-Pakistan ties from Pakistan’s cession of the Shaksgam Valley in 1963, to the initiation of nuclear cooperation in 1976 under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and later milestones such as the transfer of Gwadar port in 2013 and the formal launch of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

“We are getting warnings now,” Jaishankar noted, “but this collaboration has been going on for 60 years.”